Review of Literature Summaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Audit of Literature Summaries - Essay Example Davies, Howells, and Jenkins (2003) note this was deliberately arranged so it could agree with the dates of set for the normal visits which are typically settled for the timetable for seeing the newborn child screening. Along these lines, this arrangement guaranteed the disposal of burdens and interference of the members plans. From the finding of the exploration introduced in this article, there means that the decrease of the danger of wellbeing interruptions brought about by PPD from early recognition and intercession. Then again, those cases which are undetected and thus not getting intercession around one year baby blues show an uplifted danger of rates of PPD just as the related intricacies (Davies, Howells, and Jenkins, 2003). From the information gathered in the initial three months, there meant that 20% of the members experienced post pregnancy anxiety. Curiously, the information gathered during the remainder of the months through to a year showed that the level of PPD occurrences encountered a decay. This article bolsters the proposed change through various ways featured in the accompanying resulting explanations. To start with, the article shows the way that there is a chance of creating PPD whenever particularly during the primary pre-birth year (Davies, Howells, and Jenkins, 2003). Second, the article shows that utilizing a fitting approved screening apparatus, for example, the EPDS utilized in this examination, upgrades the location of PPD (Davies, Howells, and Jenkins, 2003). Accordingly, there can be early mediation to help the individuals who are influenced. Early distinguishing proof of maternal melancholy as a methodology in the avoidance of kid misuse is an article which explains on the unfavorable impacts of PPD to an individual’s social dismalness as mental prosperity (Scott, 1992). This article is applicable to this exploration

Water Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Water - Assignment Example (Tune, 2010). The city of Tucson, however, attempts to deal with its water request and give water to its residents by methods for three significant water sources: Colorado River water planned to be conveyed to the city under CAP †Central Arizona Project, groundwater and, at long last, reusing of the water. (Focal Arizona Project, 2011; Song, 2010). The last innovation is a recently evolved one and is applied by methods for putting of the water back to the underground for its utilization later on. There is additionally a method one of a kind for Tucson: in the western piece of the city, there are large water bowls filling in as a water flexibly store. (Melody, 2010). The greatest pretends the water from Colorado River on the grounds that, right off the bat, it is a characteristic wellspring of water and is one of the most effectively accessible, and, also, in light of the fact that this is a sustainable source. The subsequent job has a place with the underground waters on the grounds that their level decline step by step, and they ought to be utilized mindfully. The third job, which may turn into the first inside the following years, plays the reusing innovation since it is another methodology and necessities more profound innovative work of aptitudes to amplify benefits of its

Manipulation is a Major Red Flag in a Marriage

Manipulation is a Major Red Flag in a Marriage Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems Print How to Recognize and React to Manipulation in Your Marriage By Sheri Stritof Sheri Stritof has written about marriage and relationships for 20 years. Shes the co-author of The Everything Great Marriage Book. Learn about our editorial policy Sheri Stritof Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Carly Snyder, MD on February 01, 2020 facebook twitter linkedin Carly Snyder, MD is a reproductive and perinatal psychiatrist who combines traditional psychiatry with integrative medicine-based treatments.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Carly Snyder, MD Updated on February 05, 2020 izusek / Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse People who manipulate influence and control others through the use of mental distortion and emotional exploitation. The intent is to have power and control over you to get what they want. Manipulators know what your weaknesses are and use them against you.?? This will keep happening unless you actively and assertively stop it. This is quite difficult in a marriage as the manipulation may have started out subtle. Before long, this may become the everyday dynamic of your relationship with your spouse.   What Is Manipulation? Manipulation can be subtle or quite obvious, but either one is damaging to your marriage. For example:   Subtle Manipulation: Do you have any plans for this evening? (Left unsaid: If you do, you must not love me.)Obvious Manipulation: If you loved me you would go to the movies with me tonight.Direct and Honest Approach: I would like to go to the movies tonight. If you dont have any plans for this evening, would you go with me? Common Manipulation Strategies Think about whether you recognize some of these situations in your marriage. If you do, it is likely that your spouse is manipulating you.   Withholding sex or affectionWithholding money or something of valueMaking you feel shame, embarrassment, or guiltCrying  Withdrawal or avoidanceGiving the silent treatmentPoutingWhiningHaving a temper tantrumDoling out threats and ultimatumsLying or twisting the truthCriticizing and disapprovingBeing vague about wants or needsBlaming??Being coerciveShowing exaggerated disappointmentWithholding or hiding informationTwisting your words (or their meaning) Why Someone Manipulates In general, people manipulate others to get what they want. They may feel the need to punish, control, or dominate their spouse. They may be seeking pity or attention, or have other selfish motives. They may be trying to change or wear down their spouse, perhaps in an effort to have their own needs met. Consequences of Manipulation If your spouse is being manipulative, this can cause serious damage to your relationship. You may experience: Negative feelings such as dissatisfaction, hurt, resentment, anger, and frustrationA serious sense of self-doubtA constant need to defend yourselfFrequent apologizing, even when you believe you did not do anything wrongA lack of trust in your partnerA lack of safety in the marriageOverall discontentment with the relationship What to Do About Manipulation in Your Marriage Most people know how to be manipulative. But, we choose other mature and healthy ways to interact with others.  Particularly in a marriage or other loving relationship, most strive to be respectful of our mate through direct and honest communication. Manipulation and similar forms of emotional abuse are not acceptable from a romantic partner (or anyone else in your life). Realize and accept that manipulation is also emotional blackmail. This unfair behavior needs to be recognized and eliminated in your marriage. Recognize when you or your spouse manipulates.Tell your spouse when you experience manipulation. Be specific in describing the manipulation and your feelings.Do not act as if the manipulation is no big deal.If you discover yourself manipulating, stop in mid-sentence. Be more direct in your questions or statements.If the manipulation in your marriage continues, seek marriage counseling to help you both change the behavior. Someone who manipulates in their adult relationships may have come from a dysfunctional family of origin (the family one grows up in). They may have had to manipulate in order to get basic needs met or avoid harsh punishment. Alternatively, the individual could have been manipulated by their parents and learned this negative way to interact with others.   Manipulation may seem like an easy or natural way to deal with a difficult issue or to have things the way you want them, but in the long run, it isnt. Manipulation is hurtful and damaging to your marital relationship. Both you and your spouse deserve honest and loving communication. Article updated by  Marni Feuerman

Why Do People Tap on Cans

Comparing and Contrasting Confucianism and Legalism

Andrew Simedru Ms. Komar AP World History September 3, 2013 Comparing and Contrasting Confucianism and Legalism Confucius once said, â€Å"The more man meditates upon good thoughts, the better will be his world and the world at large.† Amidst the chaos of political instability and constant warring of the Zhou era, many philosophers arose that impacted China in the fields of politics, religion, and philosophy. Two of these philosophers were Confucius, who lived from 551 to 479 B.C.E., and Han Feizi, who lived around 233 B.C.E. These two created the Confucianism and Legalism that significantly changed the society is still in use in modern China. Confucianism became the dominant way of thinking and the later philosophy of Legalism†¦show more content†¦Strength produces force; force produces prestige; prestige produces virtue. Virtue has its origin in strength. The sage ruler alone possesses it, and therefore he is able to transmit humaneness and rightness to all-under-he aven†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Shang 259). However, I believe this is not quite concisely what the Legalists hold a firm believe in; such rhetoric might only represent the idea from an angle that the ruler could accept at ease. Being a political institution and a critical part of the regime, the Legalists have concerns for themselves and may therefore seek personal and power advancement as well in their assisting the state. With such a thought, the third premise can be better stated as: all individuals, authorities and government apparatus will never run into interest conflicts with, and will always reside under, the centralized administration headed by a tiny minority of people who have the ultimate supremacy and power. Noteworthily, such a precondition has an immediate accord with the social need at that time as mentioned earlier, in which a rationalShow MoreRelatedThe Two Chinese Philosophies Of Confucianism1816 Words   |  8 PagesThe two Chinese philosophies of Legalism and Confucianism could not be more opposite. Even though two of the writers of Legalism were students of Xinzu, a philosopher of Confucianism, there are more of differences than similarities between the two. Because of this, legalism, which preceded the concept of Confucianism, had a lot of reasons why Confucianism was considered wrong. While towards the fall of the Qin Dynasty, Confucian beliefs started to revamp and become more widely accepted and thus theyRead MoreThe Between The Prince And Han Fei Tz1817 Words   |  8 Pageseastern concepts. Therefore, in this essay, I will be comparing and contrasting the similarities and the unlikeness between The Prince and Han Fei Tz. Throughout the essay, my purpose is to analyze whether or not these two theories can be applied to the real world efficiently. To start with, I would like to introduce more about Han Fei, whose status in China is as important as Machiavelli’s in the western country. Before the Qin Dynasty, Confucianism was the mainstream and most of the people followedRead MoreWorld History AP8768 Words   |  36 Pageswas no less reliant on military force and no less brutal than the centuries-long Roman effort. †¢ Unlike Rome’s transition from republic to empire, the creation of the Chinese empire had only brief and superficial domestic repercussions. 7. In comparing the Roman and Chinese empires, which do you find more striking—their similarities or their differences? †¢ The Roman and Chinese empires shared many common features, though they did also differ in important ways. In general, the Chinese empire was

Supplier Relationship Management Free Essays

Many customer-supplier relationships were weakened or damaged during the economic downturn. To rescue them, both sides need to acknowledge past mistakes, identify the causes of those problems, take corrective action, and monitor the results. As of this writing, all signs are pointing toward recovery, and economic indicators (take your pick) are suggesting a better ending to 2010 than we experienced in 2009. We will write a custom essay sample on Supplier Relationship Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Optimistic whispers in the first few months of this year became clearly audible announcements when Quarter 1 earnings were released. Demand is on the rise, lashed capacity is beginning to fill up, and at many companies, earnings will exceed expectations. Despite the fact that business is improving in most industries, companies will continue to struggle for some time to overcome the effects of the recession on their supply chains. This is especially true for those that made drastic decisions and acted in ways that altered their supply chain capacity and supplier services. Customer-supplier relationships have been caught up in this turmoil and have often suffered as a result. The economic upheaval of the past 18 months has left many relationships weakened, damaged, or even severed. With demand increasing, now is the time for buyers and suppliers to assess the current state of their relationships and then address or resolve any concerns. This can be accomplished through a four-step process that includes acknowledging what has happened, identifying the causes of any problems, agreeing on and implementing corrective actions, and following up and maintaining the improved relationship. These steps should be carried out within your company’s supplier relationship management (SRAM) program. SRAM is a formalized process through which companies build strong, collaborative relationships with their vital suppliers to make improvements and achieve their mutual supply chain goals. If you do not already have a formal SRAM program, then following these steps can serve as the foundation for this type of initiative. Customers and suppliers that adopt this process and commit to continuing it in the future will not only reaffirm and strengthen their partnerships but will also ensure that they create an effective, flexible supply chain. Step 1: Acknowledge past mistakes Start out by evaluating your current relationship with your most critical suppliers. This assumes that you have already segmented your supply base and identified your most important suppliers. You can follow this process for all suppliers, of course, but to maximize the value of your efforts, it’s a good idea to address the most essential suppliers first. Once the top suppliers have been singled out, you can assess the current state of your relationship with each of them individually. The most important part of this first step is to identify and acknowledge the mistakes that were made on both sides. Ask the following questions and examine your answers carefully: Is this relationship in turmoil? If so, what were the actions that created this tension, and position are you or your suppliers in now as a result? How does the supplier feel toward you, and how do you feel toward the supplier? Do you deem the relationship to be weakened, damaged, or severed? Is the relationship meaningful for your company, and will improving that relationship bring value to both parties? By answering these questions, you will define the roadman toward reconciliation and improved effectiveness?or to accepting a separation, if that proves necessary. Once you have determined that the relationship is worth repairing or saving, it is time to pursue open and honest communication with that supplier. Integrity and trust are he basis for any relationship, and addressing difficult topics in a frank and objective manner will be appreciated by everyone involved. Coming to the table in an open manner is Just the beginning, however. The magnitude of the strife in the relationship will dictate the level of effort required to address it. Weakened relationships, while still requiring direct and concerted effort, can be more easily repaired than those with damaged elements or those that have been severed. A special note on severed relationships: If you are not sincere about reconciliation, then do not waste your time or your supplier’s time. The amount of time and audience required to rebuild a previously severed relationship can be substantial, and if either party lacks commitment, true reconciliation becomes doubtful. Step 2: Find the real source of the problem The most delicate part of this process involves identifying the root cause of the problems. Bringing in a neutral third party to help both sides review the current relationship and past experiences is one way to maintain objectivity during these discussions. In this type of conversation, emotions and personal involvement tend to rise to the surface, and the â€Å"effect† part of â€Å"cause and effect† often becomes the focal mint. This is a situation you should strive to avoid. If participants fail to consider the root of a problem, only the symptom will be treated, and another one that may be even more harmful to the relationship will inevitably appear. In reviewing the events of the last 18 months, many customers and suppliers may point to the economy and decreased demand as the cause of relationship strife and discontent. There’s no denying that the economy was an underlying factor. As orders plummeted, original equipment manufacturers (Moms) reduced capacities to attempt to match output and expenses to very weak demand. Many suppliers were unaware of the dramatic steps taken by Moms and were left with buildup in their inventories of up to 50 percent? with no buyers for that stock in sight. These high inventory levels caused a variety of problems for suppliers and, in the worst cases, resulted in bankruptcy. While the economy and declining demand clearly play a role here, poor customer-supplier relationships and the lack of strong communication channels appear to be a major cause of the devastating inventory buildup. This might have been avoided by improving forecasting tools or enhancing operational capabilities to more quickly spend to downward shifts in demand. Both are sound actions to pursue at any time, but neither will resolve the lack of customer- supplier communication that will continue to cause problems in the future. An important question to ask here is: â€Å"Were there warning signs before the problem occurred? † As both customer and supplier consider this question, they should reflect upon quantitative (on-time measurements that may have signaled trouble ahead. Discussing these measurements or signals as well as the customer’s and supplier’s responses to those developments will help to establish where specific problems originated. Step 3: Identify and implement corrective actions Now that the root causes of relationship strife and their leading indicators have been identified, the next step is to define and implement corrective actions. These actions can include procedural changes, changes in safety stocks, increased communication requirements, or even changes in personnel. Observe the impact of these corrective actions on the original symptoms (the â€Å"effect†) and ensure that the resulting improvements can be objectively measured and quantified. For example, a procedural change could reduce the amount of time required to process a orientation, therefore the number of transactions per hour will increase. Moreover, increasing safety stock and boosting communication requirements (such as sending status updates more frequently) may yield higher service levels, which can also be measured. It’s wise to avoid subjective measurements, which may invite interpretations that lead to more disagreements and conflicts. Be sure to incorporate these measurements into an existing customer-supplier scorecard process, or if none exists, take the opportunity to create one that can be reviewed periodically. The solutions you develop can and should vary based on the type of relationship you eave with your supplier: A strictly transaction-based relationship that focuses on only one or two activities is likely to be rekindled by focusing attention solely on improving those specific activities. ?Tactical relationships may benefit from solutions that span both upstream and downstream from the basic operational transactions. These relationships may have multiple touch points, and resolving each relationship conflict at each touch point may be an extensive, time-consuming process. Strategic partnerships call for the most complex activities and coordination to revive a distressed rela tionship. Moreover, strategic partnerships frequently span multiple organizations at all levels. So, although most efforts may start at the top of the organizational chart, it is important to address all levels when rebuilding trust and good will. Carrying out the solutions you agree on most likely will involve increased sharing of operational and business information, such as supply inventory levels, point-of-sales data, and market trends that are beneficial for both customer and supplier. Frequently, an investment in information technology software can facilitate and enhance this kind of extensive data sharing. Step 4: Monitor and maintain the allegations After implementing corrective actions, you’ll need to conduct management reviews in which progress is discussed, milestones are recognized, and changes to planned milestones are decided upon when necessary. It almost goes without saying that these reviews should be carried out in a timely fashion. The definition of â€Å"timeliness,† however, depends upon what activities are being measured and on their inherent cycle times. The review should occur within a time frame that allows sufficient data points identifying change to be generated. A premature review will show lack of progress and can lower confidence levels. At the same time, a late review or prolonged periods between reviews can Jeopardize momentum or even introduce been introduced since the previous review. Matching management reviews to meaningful data generation will help avoid these pitfalls and keep the momentum toward positive relationship change. The successful repair of a customer-supplier relationship will heavily depend on the involvement of the leadership teams and the commitment of both sides to the process. If continuing the relationship will bring value to both parties, then their commitment to achieving success (and to maintaining the relationship) should be explicit. In other words, leadership’s involvement in supplier relationship management demonstrates the importance of this activity to the organization. Nevertheless, sustaining the relationship can be difficult even when there is great support from the leadership of both customer and supplier. It makes sense, therefore, to consider turning the relationship management activities that have been developed to address specific problems into a formalized program supporting continued improvement. Leverage the scheduled reviews, progress metrics, and milestones to shape the content of a formal customer- supplier management process. Expand team and individual involvement to other levels of the organization as appropriate. Remember that a customer-supplier relationship is a two-way street? throughout the â€Å"monitor and maintain† phase, both sides should be openhanded and go out of their way to learn from each other. For example, the customer can teach the supplier that it needs to provide more than Just the right product at the right price, and the supplier can teach the customer that it requires more information than a basic forecast if it is to support the customer’s supply chain success. Relationships: The foundation of success Now is the time to assess your customer-supplier relationships, as your company recovers from the Great Recession and prepares for an upturn in business. If those relationships are weakened, damaged, or severed, consider taking the following steps: Objectively acknowledge the past and open a clear communication channel with the sincere intent of building a mutually beneficial relationship. Discuss and discover the sources (the â€Å"cause†) of the problems and develop corrective actions. Be careful not to fall into the trap of addressing symptoms (the â€Å"effects†). Follow through tit corrective actions and continue to monitor and maintain the relationship. To improve the likelihood of success, ensure that there is leadership support from both customer and supplier. Remember, solid, healthy customer-supplier relationships form the foundation of an enterprise’s success. Companies that continue to suffer because of weakened, damaged, or severed relationships will surely lose to their competition. Justine Brown is principal at the consulting firm Tompkins Associates. An organization spends substantial portion of every dollar on the purchase of raw materials, components, and services. In fact, 60% of cost goods sold are consisted of purchased goods. Therefore, supplier quality can substantially affect the overall cost of a product or service. One of the keys to obtaining high-quality products and services is for the customer to work with suppliers in a partnering atmosphere to achieve the same quality level as attained within the organization. Customers and suppliers have the same goal?to satisfy end user. The better the supplier quality, the better the supplier’s long-term position, because the customer will have better work together as partners to maximize their return on investment. There have been number of forces that have changed supplier relations. Prior to the sass, procurement decisions were typically based on price, thereby awarding contracts to lowest bidder. As a result, quality and timely delivery were sacrificed. One force, Deeming fourth point, addressed this problem. He stated that customers must stop awarding business based on the low bidder because price has no basis without quality. In addition, he advocated single suppliers for each items to help develop a long-term relationship of loyalty and trust. These actions will lead to improved products and services. Another force changing supplier relations was the introduction of the Just-in-time TIT) concept. It calls for raw materials and components to reach the production operations in small quantities when they are needed and not before. The benefits of SIT is that inventory-related costs are kept to minimum. Procurement lots are small and delivery is frequent. As a result, the supplier have many more process setups, thus becoming a SIT organization itself. The supplier must drastically reduce setup time or its cost will increase. Before there is little or no inventory, the quality incoming material must be very good or the reduction line will be shut down. To be successful, SIT requires exceptional quality and reduced setup time. The practice of continuous process improvement has also caused many suppliers develop partnership with their customers. A final force is ISO 9000, which is mandated by the major automotive assembly firms. Specifically, first tier and tiers subsequent to the Moms must maintain supply chain development through three key factors: zero defects, 100% on-time delivery, and a process for continuous improvement. These forces have changed adversarial customer-supplier relationship into mutually beneficial partnerships. Joint efforts improve quality, reduce costs, and increase market share for both parties. Dry. Koru Chickasaws has suggested 10 principles to ensure quality products and services and eliminate unsatisfactory conditions between the customer and the supplier: 1 . Both customers and the suppliers are fully responsible for the control of quality. 2. Both the customer and supplier should be independent of each other and respect each other’s independence. 3. The customer is responsible for providing the supplier with clear sufficient requirements so that supplier can know precisely what to produce. 4. Both the customer and the supplier should enter into a non adversarial contract with respect to quality, quantity, price, delivery method, and terms payments. 5. The supplier is responsible for providing the quality that will satisfy the customer and submitting necessary data upon customer’s request. 6. Both the customer and the supplier should decide the method to evaluate the quality of the product or service to the satisfaction of both parties. 7. Both the customer and the supplier should establish in the contract the method by which they can reach an amicable settlement of any disputes that may arise. 8. Both the customer and the applier should continually exchange information, sometimes using multifunctional teams, in order to improve the product or service quality. . Both the customer and the supplier should perform business activities such as procurement, production, and inventory planning, clerical work, and systems so that an amicable and satisfactory relationship is maintained. 10. When dealing with business the end user in mind. Although most of the principles are common sense, a close scrutiny shows that a true partnering r elationship exists with long-term relationship, where each party preserves their identity and independence. How to cite Supplier Relationship Management, Papers

Creative Leadership and Knowledge

Question: Discuss about the Creative Leadership and Knowledge. Answer: Introduction: Title: Leadership creativity Innovation Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14g0muZ951M Discussion: The video is a TED talks video in which the presenter explained about the fundamentals of creative leadership and knowledge. The video explains that creative leadership is a virtue that is somewhat difficult to find. The creativity should be the fundamental attributes of leaders (Rasulzada, 2013). In fact, the creativity attribute of leaders would enable the leader to develop a creative and innovative culture in the organization. Reflection: This video has some interesting comments about the creativity and knowledge. I have learned that creativity can increase the efficiency of leaders. With creativity and innovation, leaders can come up with new ideas and innovation that can take the organization forward. With this video, I have learned that creativity is a fundamental attribute or the nature of leaders and creativity can foster the innovation within the organization and the team. Title: Human leadership Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njn-lIEv1LU Discussion: This video explains about the human touch required in the leadership. The video starts with the argument about the basic nature of leadership. There are various stances of leadership. Some theorists believe that leadership is an art and some people believe that leadership is a science. In this video, presenter presents that leadership is a combination of art and science (Chapman, 2012). It is important that leaders should have a human touch so that they can take the employee forward. Reflection: With this video, I have learned that the employees and team members would like to work with the leaders that provide the human touch. It is important that the leaders should be able to understand the touch points of employees. The leaders can have a high creative team only when there is an element of human touch in the team Title: Tyrannies of creative leadership Link: https://www.forbes.com/sites/berlinschoolofcreativeleadership/2015/04/01/seven-tyrannies-that-creative-leaders-must-overcome/#33d75dfd1b0b Discussion: In this article, author mentions that he goal of enabling a creative culture ordinarily involves surmounting the mental models and collective practices that have a chilling effect on creative business solutions. In the article, author highlighted that it is not easy to develop a creative culture in the organization. There are various challenges or issues of creative leadership that author mentioned as the tyrannies of leadership (Slocum, 2015). The key issues and challenges of creative leadership are bureaucracy, creative halo, lack of motivation among employees, etc. Reflection: This article has a lot to offer in terms of the various aspects of creative leadership. With this article, I have learned about the various issues and challenges of creative leadership. I have learned that it would be effective to have a platform of creative leadership. However, it is not easy to establish a culture of creativity and innovation. Title: Creativity and the role of leader Link: https://hbr.org/2008/10/creativity-and-the-role-of-the-leader Discussion: This article is a Harvard Business Review article in which authors argued about the role of leaders to develop a creative culture within the team. Authors argued that the first priority of leadership is to engage the right people, at the right times, to the right degree in creative work. The leaders can develop an innovative culture only when they have the support of right people at the right time (Amabile khaire, 2008). In an organizational setting, the creative culture should be taken as a top-down approach. Reflection: I can say that this article provides a lot of insights about the creativity and leadership. This article is an interesting read. With this article I have learned that the management and leaders should develop a platform and the same should be communicated to the mid level management and low-level employees. Title: Creativity and Innovation: The Leadership Dynamics Link: https://www.regent.edu/acad/global/publications/jsl/vol1iss1/JSL_Vol1iss1_Agbor.pdf Discussion: The article is about the need of creative leaders in the knowledge based organizations. In the article, author argued that the creative leadership has emerged as a fundamental need of organizations in the 21st century (Gudauskas Lukosevicius, 2005). The creative leadership and the innovative abilities can provide a competitive edge to organizations. Reflection: I have learned a lot with this article. This article discusses the need of leadership in the contemporary business environment. I have learned that creativity can be the basis of the innovative culture in the organization and that could be the platform where the organizations can develop their core competency. References Amabile, T.M. and Khaire, M., 2008. Creativity and the Role of the Leader-Academics have been studying creativity for decades. What practical insights does their research have for executives in need of innovation?.Harvard Business Review, p.100. Chapman, B. (2012). Truly human leadership. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njn-lIEv1LU Gudauskas, R., Lukosevicius, R., Radvila, U. (2005). Creative Leadership in Knowledge-Based Organization.Informacijos mokslai,33(12), 18-23. Rasulzada, F. (2013). Creative leadership and employee well-being. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14g0muZ951M Slocum, D. (2015). Seven Tyrannies That Creative Leaders Must Overcome. Retrieved from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/berlinschoolofcreativeleadership/2015/04/01/seven-tyrannies-that-creative-leaders-must-overcome/#33d75dfd1b0b

States Of Consciousness Essays - Sleep, Neuroscience, Nervous System

States Of Consciousness States Of Consciousness Numerous factors determine when and why you feel tired, full of energy, and hungry. A person's state of consciousness and awareness varies throughout the day and depends on a person's activity, environment, and time clock. As a human we have what is called circadian rhythms, which simply explains our daily highs and lows. An example of your basic up and down rhythm would be the sleep/wake cycle. Sunlight regulates the sleep/wake cycle by causing the suprachiasmatic nucleus to decrease its production of melatonin in the early morning and increase it in the evening. Melatonin is a hormone that if increased in blood levels makes an individual drowsy or tired and if decreased will make them more alert. Certain individuals will experience that their biological clock is often out of sync. This can be explained sometimes from either jet lag, working the night shifts or graveyards, and Monday-morning fog. Sleep in itself has its own biological patterns and rhythms. Hans Berger introduced the electroencephalograph to us so that we would be able to measure the patterns and rhythms of sleep through a record called an EEG. Two different patterns of sleep are REM sleep and NREM sleep. The NREM sleep actually has four stages involved in it. During the first stage a person becomes slightly drowsy because of the mixture of alpha and theta brain waves. At the second stage, an individual tends to have bursts of brain activity for a short time, which in terms are called sleep spindles. The second stage also involves theta brain waves and the beginning of delta waves. The third and fourth stages of NREM sleep are often referred to as slow-wave sleep. Both of these stages are measured by the amount of delta brain wave activity. During REM sleep, the sleeper is unconsciously active. His eyelids may flutter, he may have increased heart rate, and occasional muscle spasms. The two basic sleep theories are the evolutionary and restorative theories of sleep. The evolutionary theory of sleep suggests that our sleep patterns are based on or defined by evolution. The second theory simply offers that sleeping restores and rejuvenates the body through physiological processes. Sleeping disorders have a variety of effects on a person. Insomnia simply disallows an individual to actually fall into deep sleep and feel rested in the morning. Sleepwalking and night terrors are much more common in childhood then in the adult life and occur during the deepest stages of NREM sleep. When a person repeatedly stops breathing during his sleep it is called sleep apnea. This sleeping disorder usually tends to occur in older more heavy weight men. Another sleeping disorder is narcolepsy, which sends an individual in an instant phase of deep REM sleep regardless of where they are and whom they are with. Dreaming is yet another state of consciousness. A dream is simply an unfolding episode of mental images that involve characters and events. Dreams usually tend to occur during REM sleep but can occur during NREM sleep as well. We dream on a variety of topics, subjects, and individuals. No dream can be exactly interpreted or defined, therefore people have always been fascinated with what, why, and how we dream. An unpleasant and almost terrifying type of dream is a nightmare. This is a very vivid, almost real like state that produces quick anxiety and a sense of helplessness in the situation. Another type of dream would be the lucid dream in which the dreamer knows he is dreaming and can often guide the course of his dream. Hypnosis is a very controversial state of awareness because of its changes to an individual's perception, memory, and behavior. Not everyone can be hypnotized. The most susceptible people are those who approach it with a positive attitude. When subjects are deeply hypnotized they have said to experience detachment from their bodies or extreme relaxation which changes their subjective experience of consciousness. When a posthypnotic suggestion is made during hypnosis the subject will act on that for a short time after being hypnotized and sometimes up to a couple of days after the session. Ernest Hilgard suggested that while hypnotized a person experiences dissociation that splits consciousness

New Deal Relief Projects essays

New Deal Relief Projects essays After the major crisis of the banking President F.D.R. faced a new and much more prominent problem; and that was to provide relief and other charities for the families, along with struggling businesses programs that would surely help these families that were in desperate need of it. Administration (PWA) was designed to politicians with the opportunity of these proceedings carefully. The plans included huge public buildings, dams, businesses in particular was the National recovery Administration, (NRA) along with the National Industrial Recovery help businesses by eliminating unfair competition through a series of codes and newly established laws. The laws against combinations of large businesses were maximum hours, and the right to bargain operation that was specifically designed received food and shelter and were paid about $30 a month for their services, and $25 of that monthly sum was intended on providing for their families. Over 250,000 men joined this group, living together in outdoor work such as digging ditches, fighting fires, also restoration and construction of homes. They benefited from the workout, and their families ...

Anheuser Busch and Harbin Brewery Group of China Essay

Anheuser Busch and Harbin Brewery Group of China - Essay Example It is because of this fact that no particular local player emerged as the leading national beer producer in the country. The government intervention in the market is not up to that extent as normally considered by outside players. Since the industry experience very small margins and mushrooming of the low cost producers of regional level therefore there is a greater threats of substitutes for AB to enter into the market. As discussed in the case that no international beer brand has been able to make in-roads into Chinese Consumers subtly suggest the level of strong presence of substitutes developed according to the taste buds of the local consumers. The lack of market space for the leading beer brands of the world suggest that the substitutes have strong presence in the market and pose a greater threat. The threats of substitutes are from moderate to High. If the basic use of beer is just to quench the thirst of the consumer than the threats of substitution can be high however since Chinese consumer prefer to have some level of liquor in it therefore the scope of substitutes get bigger as wine and liquor products also become direct substitutes of our products. It has been the strategy of Chinese government to allow the entry into the Chinese Market through the formation of Joint ventures with the local companies in order to help the local players to gain technology and management expertise. Thus the biggest barrier to the entry into the market is the fact that companies looking for making in-roads into the Chinese Markets have to find local players to pair with as they themselves cannot start the sort of Greenfield projects. The current experiences in the Chinese Market suggest that the companies that have brought in foreign capital in the country has been not been able to sustain in the longer run therefore they have to look for the local players to take over their stakes in the

Explain how fate and Oedipus's own essential nnature combine to make Essay

Explain how fate and Oedipus's own essential nnature combine to make him a tragic hero - Essay Example   The search for the truth depicts Oedipus’ tragic nature.   The make-up of a classic tragic figure include characteristics such as a fatal flaw, noble background, and inevitable downfall.   This paper analyzes three specific instances of Oedipus’ search for the truth that suggest his qualities of a tragic hero:   his blind hubris, his remorse upon his epiphany and his self fulfilling prophecy indicting his downfall.   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Oedipus was determined to find the murderer and asked Creon about the context surrounding the crime.   His relentless pursuit of the truth reveals his essential nature as a tragic hero. He was told that Laius was on pilgrimage when he was slain. The only witness fled the scene indicating that there was a group of robbers: I go, but first will tell thee why I came. Thy frown I dread not, for thou canst not harm me. Hear then: this man whom thou hast sought to arrest With threats and warrants this lo ng while, the wretch Who murdered Laius--that man is here. (5-6) This quotation indicates that Oedipus curiosity of the murder of his father. This is a unique quote in that it sets the stage for the search for the murderer of his father. This starts the path to self destruction. ... He has already lived up to the prophecy that was delivered to him, now he pursues the knowledge that will vindicate the verdict.   Oedipus’ search for the truth initiates his compounding hubris.   His blind sense of pride distorts his view of his objective and leads to his inevitable downfall.   In this manner, Oedipus’ pursuit of his prophecy marks his tragic flaw.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Oedipus poses the assumption that he is being framed by Creon who seeks his position as king. This quotation represents Oedipus’ deployment of defense mechanism as a means of justifying why he could never be implicated in the murder of his father. While at the same time, he deploys the mechanism because he is coming to grips with the conclusion that he could indeed be the murderer (Dawe, 2006). Oedipus is attempting to escape the knowledge of his fulfillment of his preordained fate. While his search for the answer drives him further insane, he feels as if he will never returned to normality until he knows for sure. He escapes the bliss of ignorance out of pure curiosity.   The brink of his insanity represents the knowledge he must gain in order to undergo the tragic hero’s traditional epiphany.   Once Oedipus’ crosses this line and gains this great realization, he finds that it is essentially too little, too late.   Despite the immense remorse he feels internally, his fate as a tragic hero has already been sealed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Oedipus realized that his self fulfilled prophecy could have been handed down to his daughters who will have no husbands. Hence he seeks their departure with him to a land where he will not be followed by his dreadful past. "He cries, 'Unbar the doors and let all Thebes Behold the slayer of his sire, his mother's--' That shameful word my lips

Media Essays Baudrillard Media Terrorism

Media Essays Baudrillard Media Terrorism Baudrillard Media Terrorism Discuss Baudrillard’s controversial contention that Western media have been complicit in terrorism. What does he mean and how convincing is his argument? Jean Baudrillard was an influential but highly controversial French Philosopher, Sociologist and cultural theorist. The â€Å"prophet of the postmodern media spectacle† (Butterfield: 2002) best known for his work on contemporary social theory, the modes of mediation and technological communication (Kellner: 1994: 1), commenting in particular on AIDS, cloning, the first Gulf War and terrorism. Baudrillards writings and his almost confrontational view have led to him being fiercely criticised by many, giving him nicknames such as â€Å"the high priest of post-modernism† (Gane: 1991: 47) and â€Å"the David Bowie of Philosophy† (Merrin: 2005a: 5). His continual TV appearances, tours and newspaper coverage only reinforced his critics â€Å"suspicion of his superficiality† (Merrin: 2005a: 6). Overall his theories were regarded as old hat up until 9/11 and the World Trade Centre terrorist attacks, where his writings on the matter once again put him in the spotlight, although not all agreed with what he has to say none could help but take note. Before I get into Baudrillards writings on terrorism it is important to outline some of his earlier works and theories, so you get a good scope of the mans thinking’s and view of the world in which we live in. An important point, central to all Baudrillards theories is his concern over the importance of images within contemporary culture. He builds upon Plato’s allegory of the cave, in which he compares the world’s population to cave dwellers, viewing false reality instead of absolute truth, in the form of shadows on the wall. Baudrillard takes inspiration from this idea, as well as the work of Lev Manovich, to come up with a theory which has been described as â€Å"inverted Platonism† (Stam: 2000: 306). In â€Å"Plato’s Cave† the cave dwellers, shackled to the wall, naively view the shadows cast on the back wall as actuality as they have never seen anything other than that, they never experience the absolute truth only the manufactured truth. Baudrillard takes this one step further though by â€Å"denying the existence of any actuality or reality that may be revealed† (Plantinga: 1996: 307), arguing that there is no protocols now in place which can help us distinguish between appearances and reality. Baudrillard states that we are stuck in a postmodern â€Å"hyper-reality†, where ‘truth’ is â€Å"simply the latest media consensus† (Plantinga: 1996: 307). The televisions, images and mass media which have now replaced Plato’s cave wall have become a means not of informing and revealing truth but of taking part in the creation of the manufactured consensus which passes as truth and knowledge in the postmodern world (Plantinga: 1996: 307). The real has almost completely disappeared, with any glimmer of absolute truth over-shadowed by media simulation. In his book Simulacra and Simulation Baudrillard looks at the West’s relationship between reality and images. He claims that modern society has replaced all reality and meaning with symbols and signs, and that humans are experiencing a simulation of reality rather than reality itself. This is an idea famously explored in the Wachowski brothers film The Matrix (1999), with the character Morpheus referring to the real world as the â€Å"desert of the real† (Baudrillard: 1994: 1), a reference lifted straight from Baudrillards work. Baudrillard has since claimed in interview that The Matrix is nothing more than a misunderstanding of his work (Lancelin: 2004). The simulacra that Baudrillard refers to are signs of culture and media that creative the perceived reality, serving as a powerful form of â€Å"social control† (Baudrillard: 1993a: 60), and can be divided into four discreet semiotic stages. Before simulacra, in pre-modern societies signs are few in number and simply refer to and reflect reality. Their primary purpose is to reflect a divinely sanctioned hierarchy and social positioning (Barker: 1996: 50), rigid and firmly fixed in place. Religious paintings such as those of Jesus or the Virgin Mary are held to be true copies of a higher reality, which people can worship like they are the real thing, disregarding the fact that they are nothing but a replica. The so called First Order of Simulacra stretches through the 14th and 15th centuries, during the Renaissance period. Baudrillard states that during this counterfeit time we changed from being a limited order of signs, â€Å"to a proliferation of signs according to demand† (1983: 85). As religious views and sanctioned hierarchy begin to fade, man-made copies of the real world start to be produced on mass. For the first time during this period we get signs splitting away from reality, the truth can be altered and changed to suit different purposed, creating false copies which are not representable. The third stage and Second Order of Simulacra came as a consequence of the Industrial Revolution, where advances in mechanical production in things such as cameras and printers radically changed the relationship between signs and the real. At this stage an â€Å"industrial law of value† (Smart: 1993: 52) reigns, where technological and mechanical reproduction come to constitute a new reality. The more these signs multiply, the more their relationship with the real is undermined. As Walter Benjamin once said images become the things themselves, absorbing â€Å"the process of production, changing it finalities and altering the status of product and producer† (Baudrillard: 1983: 98). The reproductions dilute the experience of the unique image, they lose the special value associated with the unique and authentic, instead acquiring a much more abstract kind of value. Baudrillard’s Third Order of Simulacra is where we are at now. In our contemporary postmodern societies, images have floated free of reality, taking the processes of abstraction which took hold in industrial modernity to their extremes. As Baudrillard says â€Å"one is not the simulacrum of which the other would be the real: there are only simulacra† (1994: 21). The copy has now become the real, with nothing authentic left behind the simulation. It is no longer possible to appeal to a real referent, as distinctions between representations and objects can no longer be sustained in a world where simulation models rule (Smart: 1993: 52). Baudrillard’s work explores the paradoxes of post-modern, simulation culture, stating that we have now got to a stage where the simulations merely refer to other simulations. As he sees it we can no longer experience anything outside the codes of simulation, the boundaries between signification and reality have imploded, so now all we can experience are representations of representations. According to Baudrillard reality has either disappeared or never existed in the first place. This death of reality has caused enormous panic amongst our post-modern culture as we attempt to nostalgically resurrect and retrieve the real. We find evidence of these attempts to search for authenticity everywhere, as Baudrillard says â€Å"when the real is no longer what it used to be, nostalgia assumes it full meaning† (2001: 174). The rise of myths of origin, second-hand truth and objectivity, lead to an escalation of the true lived experience, which grows into a demand for things which are more and more real. Baudrillard defines this obsessing of the real as â€Å"hyperreality† (1995: 28), with it in fact taking us further away, rather than closer to the real. We as a postmodern culture never stop on our search for more reality, through things such as DVD deleted scenes and commentaries, and the watchings of documentary series such as Bodyshock and Extraordinary People, with their less than subtitle titles, we attempt to come closer with ‘reality’, but once again we are just one step closer to a media fabrication. Baudrillards views reject those of traditional Marxist productivism, with him thinking they no longer offer an adequate explanation to postmodern situations. He has turned to theorists who look at formulating an alternative notion of economy and culture, based on observations of primitive societies, in particular the work of Georges Bataille. Bataille’s notion of the â€Å"solar economy† (1997: 193) of excess and destruction argued that there is a more fundamental, primary form of economy which could be taken straight form primitive society. Baudrillard also studied the work of Marcel Mauss, with his theories on gift-giving. Mauss states that there was no â€Å"pure expenditure† (Mauss: 2001: 98) without the expectation of a replicating â€Å"counter-gift† (Mauss: 1998: 101). This â€Å"symbolic exchange† between gift and counter-gift becomes the law of the universe, the challenge to give. Baudrillard refers to the semiotic culture in which we live as â€Å"the code† (2001: 7), where control has been taken from the realm of decision-making. Where our Western binaristic semiotic culture rests largely on binary opposites, good and evil, life and death, etc, societies based on symbolic exchange do not. Everyday life deals with symbolic offerings of gifts to the dead, and they are expected to respond as a matter of obligation. I n western semiotic culture, our choices are defined in terms of yes/no decisions, binaristic regulations which displace real choice, pepsi or coke, Manchester United or Manchester City, for example. When Baudrillard refers to an event as symbolic he means that it is a gift, and thus demands a counter-gift in return, resulting in a challenge. 9/11 was the largest example of this symbolic challenge, and perhaps â€Å"the most potent symbolic event since the crucifixion of Christ† (Butterfield: 2002), where the terrorists gave a gift to the west in the form of terrorism, so there was no alternative than for the gift to be countered. Baudrillard stated that the erection of the twin towers â€Å"signifies the end of competition† (1993a: 69) and the monopoly of binary logic. Where before the Manhattan skyline had been filled with skyscrapers all competing with each other for our attention, the World Trade Centre with its two identical towers put an end to it, they where both the yes and the no. William Merrin says that Baudrillard is â€Å"motivated by his belief in the radical presence and possibility of symbolic forces opposing, spiralling with and irrupting within the semiotic culture† (2005b). His views have never differed from those that semiotic culture has never truly freed itself from older symbolic culture, with the symbolic operating within the semiotic. We need to break out of this yes/no culture and find the symbolic within and outside culture. For Baudrillard it is this outside culture, notably Islam, which threatens the Western semiotic system. Although his theory has been attacked as â€Å"an imaginary construct which tries to seduce the world to become as theory wants it to be† (Kellner: 1989: 178), Baudrillard claims that the media itself creates many of the worlds events, and thus are actually ‘non-events’ as they are creations of simulation. Things such as Reality TV and celebrity news create a large number of these hyperreal non-events, which just wouldn’t happen without the media. We as media consumer’s infact crave real events to happen, even going as far as to fantasize about them. Films such as Cloverfield, The Siege and Day After Tomorrow, show our secret fantasies of mass destruction and death, which creep into our mundane lives. With the rise of these non-events comes the rise of ‘fateful events’, in the same way simulation triggers a quest for the real. The death of Princess Diana was the result of a media circus, reality TV which created both a non-event and a â€Å"secret exhilaration† (Merrin: 2005b) In the same way as Diana’s death, 9/11 was a non-event in the sense that it was experienced as a hyperreal image and embraced as a media event. The buildings where chosen as targets due to their media prominence, relating to films and previous fantasies of destructions. It was however also, as Baudrillard calls it, an â€Å"absolute event† (2003: 41) in that it testified to some secret symbolic sense of fate in Western culture. For Baudrillard â€Å"in the end it was they who did it but we who wished it† (2003: 5), the terrorists where just â€Å"pushing that which already wants to fall† (1993b: 209). Baudrillard sees this terrorism as being produced by the repression of the symbolic, with it returning, infiltrating and destroying us like a virus. The closer the western project of globalisation gets to perfection, the more we will see resistant symbolic challenges. Baudrillard says that the more cursed gifts of westernisation we give out the more countergifts we will receive in the form of sacrificial death. 9/11 is a paradox, Islam’s countergift to the west. The west has responded in the only way they know how, as a semiotic culture, by going to war. Although it was not as simple as yes/no, good/evil, this is how it was responded to, conceived in binary, systematic terms. As Baudrillard states â€Å"if we hope to understand anything we will need to get beyond Good and Evil† (2002), this was much more than just a clash of civilisations; it was gift giving at its most destructive. Jean Baudrillard sets out to be provocative in his work, he wants to stand out and make people take not of him, even if it’s for all the wrong reasons. He describes himself as a â€Å"terrorist and nihilist in theory as the others are with their weapons† (1994: 163), noting that change must be brought upon our postmodern society, although not through means of violence. For Baudrillard it is our semiotic culture that have given rise to terrorism, through its imposing of our values on other cultures and mass media fantasization of our own destruction, so we must accept the returning gift of terror which comes with that. As Baudrillard says, the only thing which is not acceptable about terrorism is the violence behind it, â€Å"theoretical violence, not truth, is the only recourse left to us† (1994: 163). Through his work he was trying to do what the terrorists where, just without killing anyone. Bibliography Barker, S., 1996. Signs of Change: Premodern, Modern, Postmodern. New York: SUNY Press Baudrillard, J., 1983. Simulations. New York: Semiotext(e) Baudrillard, J., 1993a. Symbolic Exchange and Death. London: Sage Baudrillard, J., 1993b. Baudrillard Live: Selected Interviews. London: Routledge Baudrillard, J., 1994. Simulacra and Simulation. Michigan: University of Michigan Press Baudrillard, J., 1995. America. London: Verso Baudrillard, J., 2001. Jean Baudrillard: Selected Writings. Stanford: Stanford University Press Baudrillard, J., 2002. L’Espirit du Terrorisme. Trans. Donovan Hohn. Harper’s Magazine, February 2002. p.13-18 Baudrillard, J., 2003. The Spirit of Terrorism. London: Verso Botting, F. Wilson, S., 1997. Bataille: A Critical Reader. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Butterfield, B., 2002. The Baudrillardian Symbolic, 9/11, and the War of Good and Evil [ONLINE]. Postmodern Culture, 13.1 (September). Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/postmodern_culture/v013/13.1butterfield.html [accessed: 12.03.08] Gane, M., 1991. Baudrillard: Critical and Fatal Theory. London: Routledge Keller, D., 1989. Jean Baudrillard: From Marxism to Postmodernism and Beyond. Stanford: Stanford UP Keller, D., 1994. Baudrillard: A Critical Reader. Oxford: Blackwell Lancelin, A., 2004. Le Nouvel Observateur with Baudrillard [ONLINE]. Le Nouvel Observateur. Available at: http://www.empyree.org/divers/Matrix-Baudrillard_english.html [accessed: 17.04.08] Mauss, M., 1998. Marcel Mauss: A Centenary Tribute. Oxford: Berghahn Books Mauss, M., 2001. The Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies. New York: Routledge Merrin, W., 2005a. Baudrillard and the Media: A Critical Introduction. Cambridge: Polity Merrin, W., 2005b. Total Screen: 9/11 and the Gulf War Reloaded. International Journal of Baudrillard Studies, Volume 2, Number 2, July 2005 Plantinga, C., 1996. Moving Pictures and the Rhetoric of Nonfiction: Two Approaches. In Bordwell, D Carroll, N., Post-theory: Reconstructing Film Studies. Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. p. 307 Smart, B., 1993. Postmodernity. London: Routledge Stam, R., 2000. Film Theory: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell

Chemistry revision notes Essay

The oxidation state or oxidation number, is a value assigned to a chemical species which represents its actual or nominal electrical charge. The oxidation number in a free or uncombined element is zero. This means that, metallic magnesium has an oxidation number of zero, and chlorine in Cl2 form has an oxidation state of zero. For simple ionic compounds, the oxidation state of the single atom ions is simply the charge on the ions. In most compounds the oxidation number for hydrogen is +1 and for oxygen is -2. The exceptions include the hydrides (the oxidation state is -1) and the peroxides (the oxidation state for oxygen is -1). In the compounds, halides usually have the oxidation number -1. The sum of all the oxidation numbers in a compound have to be equal to zero. The sum of all the oxidation states in a complex ion is the same as the charge on the ion. Semiconductors A covalent element such as silicon or germanium which has a higher conductivity than that of a typical non-metal but a much lower conductivity than that of a metal is described as a semiconductor. Semiconductors are also referred to as metalloids and they occur at the division between metals and non-metals in the Periodic Table. Key facts : 1. The electrical conductivity of semiconductors increases with increasing temperature. 2: Doping pure crystals of silicon or germanium with certain other elements produces 2 types of semiconductors: n- type and p-type semiconductors. The addition of small quantities of certain substances to pure silicon greatly enhance its conductivity and makes possible the construction of electronic devices. This controlled addition of impurities is called ‘doping’. 1. doping pure silicon with phosphorus or arsenic (group 5 elements) these elements have 5 valence electrons, a few of the silicon atoms are replaced by P, As atoms — 1 electron is left over after the 4 bonds have been formed. The extra electron is free to conduct an electric current and the phosphorus-doped silicon becomes a conductor called n-type. B. doping with boron or aluminium (group 3 elements). By doping with an element having 3 valence electrons some of the silicon atoms are replaced by boron atoms, but because each boron has only 3 electrons, one of the four bonds to each boron atom has only 1 electron in it. We can think of this as a vacancy or hole in the bonding orbital. An electron from a neighbouring atom can move in to occupy this vacancy. As a result of this movement this type of conductor is called p-type. Superconductors 1. Superconductors are a special class of materials that have zero electrical resistance at temperatures near absolute zero. 2. Achieving temperatures near absolute zero is difficult and costly so application of superconduction at these temperatures is impractical. 3. Recently superconductors have been discovered which have zero resistance up to temperatures above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen- temperatures which are less costly to attain. 4. Superconductors may have a future applications in power transmission and electrically powered forms of transport.

Disabled Person

Extreme sports are some special sport disciplines that only a small number of people in the world participate in. The reason for this are the special conditions under which the sports are done. Extreme sports are much more dangerous than ordinary sports. They are done in extreme conditions, for example in places that are remote and inaccessible, or in bad weather. There is a big risk of injury for the sportspeople. They often risk their lives if something goes wrong. However, this is exactly why some people find extreme sports so attractive Should extreme sports be banned as they put people s lives at riskExtreme sports have become popular in the last two decades. For may people practising them is the only way of living. For them the adrenaline is the most important thing in their lives and that s why they must try even more and more dangerous things. But, of course, that s not the only reason. Extreme sports are trendy and many people practise them just because of that fact. It s tr ue, that extreme sports, like bungee jumping, canyoning, rafting, ice climbing, snowboarding, surfing, parachute jumping, paragliding or mountaineering always bring a risk.Even if you are very good sportsman you must know that only one, small mistake can be very dangerous and can cause your death. Alhought many people die every year making extreme sports, the number of courageous is higher and higher. But its question of choice what are we doing in ours lives. For many people extreme sports are the only way of living. They have to feel adrenaline, they want to break their own records, they want to feel free. They usually say: there is a risk, there is a fun , but they know that they do it at one's peril.Extreme sports often are an escape from reality, from stress and from monotony. You don t have to think about your problems. You just think about yourself, you can relax, and prove that you can do things which are admired by other people. There is even a special TV channel- Extreme S ports , where everyone can watch amazing tricks, and crazy people who make that extreme sports are more and more popular in the world. But it s impossible to write what do the people feel during making extreme sports. You must try yourself to know how huge survival it is.And if you do it one time, it s very possible that you will do it often. But the question is if should extreme sports be banned as they put people s lives at risk And my answer is definitely not . As I said, It s question of our choices. If you want to fell more adrenaline than extreme sports are very good way. And even if the extreme sports were banned, people would do it still. Nowadays, the most popular sports have become insufficient. As a result people created some extraordinary sport disciplines and more and more people want to try them.I strongly believe that extreme sports should not be banned. First of all, people are free and anyone should not prohibit them practicing sports, even when they are extreme or dangerous. Only we can make decisions about our ourselves and our interests. If people do not hurt anybody by doing it, they will have a free rein in their choice. Moreover, extreme sports are generally believed to be a perfect solution to express emotions and energy. Some people love experiencing excitement and rush of adrenaline and they even need it.It is very beneficial, because it is a better way to work off steam than aggression or abusing and people do not lay anyone open to danger. Furthermore, extreme sports are a kind of entertainment. By practicing them, people can spend their spare time in an extraordinary way. They can discover new feelings and unforgettable moments, which will be kept in their memories for a long time. However, extreme sports are very dangerous. People, who practise them, not only hurt themselves, but also expose their lives to danger.They should realize that life is too short to lose it and it is too valuable to put it at risk. On the whole, I believe that extreme sports should not be banned. Although they are very risky and dangerous, people who decide to practise them know about their consequences. They have a free choice, which often gives them amazing experiences. Extreme sports have become popular in the last two decades. For may people practising them is the only way of living. For them the adrenaline is the most important thing in their lives and that’s why they must try even more and more dangerous things.But, of course, that’s not the only reason. Extreme sports are trendy and many people practise them just because of that fact. It’s true, that extreme sports, like bungee jumping, canyoning, rafting, ice climbing, snowboarding, surfing, parachute jumping, paragliding or mountaineering always bring a risk. Even if you are very good sportsman you must know that only one, small mistake can be very dangerous and can cause your death. Alhought many people die every year making extreme sports, the number of â€Å"courageous† is higher and higher.But its question of choice what are we doing in ours lives. For many people extreme sports are the only way of living. They have to feel adrenaline, they want to break their own records, they want to feel free. They usually say: â€Å"there is a risk, there is a fun†, but they know that they do it at one's peril. Extreme sports often are an escape from reality, from stress and from monotony. You don’t have to think about your problems. You just think about yourself, you can relax, and prove that you can do things which are admired by other people.There is even a special TV channel- â€Å"Extreme Sports†, where everyone can watch amazing tricks, and crazy people who make that extreme sports are more and more popular in the world. But it’s impossible to write what do the people feel during making extreme sports. You must try yourself to know how huge survival it is. And if you do it one time, it’s very possible that you will do it often. But the question is if â€Å"should extreme sports be banned as they put people’s lives at risk? † And my answer is â€Å"definitely not†. As I said, It’s question of our choices. If you want to fell more adrenaline than extreme sports are very good way.

In Breast Cancer, The Estrogen-Estrogen Receptor Complex

In breast cancer, the estrogen-estrogen receptor complex cause cell proliferation (Frank, 2013). Hormone therapies can target the effects of hormones in two ways: 1) by stopping the production of estrogen and testosterone, reducing their levels, and 2) by binding to the hormone receptor and blocking the hormone from binding (Frank, 2013). In breast cancer, drugs such as Lupron â€Å"prevent the ovaries from making estrogen by blocking cues from the brain that regulate the ovaries† (Frank, 2013). In prostate cancer, Lupron works the same way to prevent the testes from producing testosterone (Frank, 2013). Drugs such as tamoxifen (breast cancer) and flutamide (prostate cancer) bind to their respective hormone receptors and bloc the hormone from†¦show more content†¦To even have a chance at success, health education programs must be implemented before the age of 14 (Williams, 1987). Health education programs are being implemented in schools that will teach about the dang ers of smoking and passive smoking (Williams, 1987). This is a preventative measure to decrease the amount of people in society who are smoking and prevent children from picking up this habit. Another health disparity is ethnic background. A study found that Asian women are â€Å"referred for late treatment for a breast lump† compared to Caucasian women (Winship, 1997). Part of this disparity is the disbelief that Asian women can/will develop breast cancer (Winship, 1997). Hospitals and medical professionals also contribute to this disparity with ignorance towards minority cultures and lack of interpreters (Winship, 1997). There must be changes implemented to medical and nursing training as well (Winship, 1997). Medical manufacturers have been delayed with responding to the needs of â€Å"ethnic minorities† such as a providing a variety of shades for prosthetics (Winship, 1997). â€Å"There is a need for strategically targeted educational material† that will edu cate Asian women and women of other ethnic backgrounds about the risks of breast cancer or even developing any form of cancer (Winship, 1997). In prostate cancer, there is a very high incidence and mortality rate seen in black Americans (Gilligan, 2005). There are major socialShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Breast Cancer1758 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death among females in the world. It is known for â€Å"have both a genetic and non-genetic etiology† (Milne et al., 2010). It involves a combination of several factors- such as â€Å"genetic, environmental and behavioral risk factors†- that are unique to each individual (Nickels et al., 2013). This type of cancer is represented by a malignant tumor manifested in breast cells such as the line duct and line lobules cells, just to name a fewRead MoreInvestigating Estrogen Effects On Myc And Pvt1 Expression851 Words   |  4 PagesInvestigating Estrogen Effects on MYC and PVT1 Expression in Breast Cancer Using Mouse Models Background In the United States, breast cancer is currently the second most common cancer in women. The National Institute of Health states that one in every eight women will develop breast cancer in her lifetime (1). Furthermore, it is estimated by the American Cancer Institute that approximated 41,000 people died of breast cancer in the United States during 2015 (2). Since breast cancer is such a prevalentRead MoreThe Effects of Hormones in Women Essay873 Words   |  4 Pagesspecific functions in the body. In this way, a hormone fits perfectly into a receptor perfectly, like a lock inside a key, one key, for one lock. Each of the body’s glands secretes hormones. For example, the adrenal glands secrete cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, DHEA, and aldosterone. Specifically in women, the ovaries secrete the most important hormones in the body like estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone. Estrogen and progesterone are typically considered female hormones, but men also haveRead MoreWhat Is Breast Cancer?937 Words   |  4 PagesBreast cancer is one of the most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women in the United States. Up to 6% of breast cancers are advanced or metastatic at the time of diagnosis, requiring chemotherapy1, 2. Aberrant, accelerated growth is a hallmark of cancer3, including breast cancer. The rapid expansion of treatments targeted to aberrant cell growth – for example, cell cycle targeted chemotherapies for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer – allows for preciseRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Breast Cancer Es say1032 Words   |  5 PagesBreast cancers are classified by several classifications as: - Histopathology - Grades - Stages - Receptor status. Each of these influences the prognosis and can affect treatment response. Description of a breast cancer optimally includes all of these factors: †¢ Histopathology: Breast cancer is usually classified primarily by its histological appearance. Most breast cancers are derived from the epithelium lining the ducts or lobules, and these cancers are classified as ductal or lobular carcinomaRead MorePathogenesis And Treatment Of Breast Cancer1235 Words   |  5 Pagesis known that cancer, in general, is a group of diseases that is characterized by the out-of-control growth and spread of a group of abnormal cells, which can often times result in death. More specifically, breast cancer is a hormonally dependent disease, which causes malignancy in the epithelial cells of the ducts and/or lobules of the breast (Lippman, 2012). Therefore, â€Å"women without functioning ovaries, who never receive estrogen-replacement therapy, do not develop breast cancer† (Lippman, 2012)Read MoreA Brief Note On The Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ( Mtor )1489 Words   |  6 PagesmTOR inhibition in breast cancer. What is already known; The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase and downstream member of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways, with an essential role in cell growth, survival, and autophagy. mTOR is a component of two structurally similar complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), which are however functionally distinct;Read MoreDevelopment Of The Mammary Gland9524 Words   |  39 PagesIntroduction 1. Normal mammary gland 1.1 normal mammary gland anatomies The normal breast sits on the chest muscle, consisting mainly of adipose tissue, also known as mammary fat pad. The mature mammary gland is composed of 15-20 lobes, which are each composed of smaller structure called lobules. Tiny Lactiferous ducts connect lobules to each other. (Fig. 1b) (Schneider and Bocker). A typical structure of duct is composed of a hollow lumen, enclosed by a layer of epithelial luminal cells that produceRead MoreBreast Cancer : A Complex And Heterogeneous Disease Caused By Genetic Mutations782 Words   |  4 PagesBreast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease caused by both genetic and non-genetic risk factors. These factors include, mutations in breast cancer-associated genes 1 and 2 (BRCA1 and BRCA2) [1]; loss or aberrant expression of the estrogen receptor (ER) [2]; human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) overexpression [3] ; lack of ER, progesterone receptor (PR), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression[4] ; high levels of re ceptor for the insulin-like growth factor receptorRead MoreLncrna Essay701 Words   |  3 Pagesassociated with diseases like cancer. They act as a precursor of siRNA and has both tumor suppression and oncogenic property. Few of the roles of lncRNA in disease are described below. (Lo, Wolfson, Zhou, 2016) MIR4435-HG It has been reported in lung cancer tissues and cell line MIRL lncRNA acts as an oncogene. This downregulation is confirmed by knocking down MIR4435-2HG in lung cancer and treating the lung cancer cells with resveratrol. In both the cases, decrease in cancer cell proliferation was observed